Estimating the volumetric flux and flow rates, q and Q, of hydrocarbon plumes requires a priori knowledge of the physical properties of the plume, such as plume target size distributions and plume morphology types. Lack of this information potentially leads to uncertainties in estimates of q and Q. A theoretical framework to directly link estimates of q and Q to acoustic measurements for different plume morphology types is described here. A case study is used to demonstrate this framework and highlights the importance of previous knowledge of the classification of plume morphology types and target size distributions within the plume.